Phapang ea mantlha pakeng tsa liphaephe tsa American Standard (haholo-holo maemo a letoto la ASTM) le Chinese Standard (haholo-holo maemo a letoto la GB) li lutse tsamaisong e tloaelehileng, litlhaloso tsa boholo, limaraka tsa thepa le litlhoko tsa tekheniki. Ka tlase ke papiso e qaqileng e hlophisitsoeng:
1. Sistimi e Tloaelehileng le Sebaka sa Ts'ebeliso
| Sehlopha | Tekanyetso ea Amerika (ASTM) | Tekanyetso ea Sechaena (GB) |
|---|---|---|
| Maemo a Bohlokoa | Liphaephe tse se nang mohele: ASTM A106, A53 Liphaephe tsa tšepe e sa ruseng: ASTM A312, A269 Liphaephe tse tjheselitsoeng: ASTM A500, A672 | Liphaephe tse se nang mohele: GB/T 8163, GB/T 3087 Liphaephe tsa tšepe e sa ruseng: GB/T 14976 Liphaephe tse tjheseditsweng: GB/T 3091, GB/T 9711 |
| Maemo a Kopo | Mmaraka oa Amerika Leboea, merero ea machaba (oli le khase, indasteri ea lik'hemik'hale), e hlokang ho latela litlhaloso tse tšehetsang tse kang API le ASME | Merero ea lehae, merero e meng ea Asia Boroa-bochabela, e lumellana le litlhaloso tsa sekepe sa khatello se tšehetsoang ke GB le liphaephe |
| Motheo oa Moralo | E lumellana le letoto la ASME B31 (likhoutu tsa moralo oa liphaephe tsa khatello) | E latela GB 50316 (Khoutu ea Moralo oa Liphaephe tsa Tšepe tsa Indasteri) |
2. Sistimi ea Tlhaloso ea Tekanyo
Ena ke phapang e utloahalang ka ho fetisisa, e shebaneng le ho ngoloa ha bophara ba phaephe le letoto la botenya ba lebota.
Ho ngolla bophara ba phaephe
- Tekanyetso ea Amerika: E Sebelisa Boholo ba Phaephe bo sa Reroang (NPS) (mohlala, NPS 2, NPS 4) ka lisenthimithara, e sa tsamaellaneng ka ho toba le bophara ba 'nete ba kantle (mohlala, NPS 2 e tsamaellana le bophara ba kantle ba 60.3mm).
- Tekanyetso ea Sechaena: E Sebelisa Bophara ba Lebitso (DN) (mohlala, DN50, DN100) ka limilimithara, moo boleng ba DN bo leng haufi le bophara ba kantle ba phaephe (mohlala, DN50 e tsamaellana le bophara ba kantle ba 57mm).
Letoto la Botenya ba Lebota
- Standard ea Amerika: E amohela letoto la Kemiso (Sch) (mohlala, Sch40, Sch80, Sch160). Botenya ba lebota boa eketseha ka palo ea Sch, 'me boleng bo fapaneng ba Sch bo tsamaellana le botenya bo fapaneng ba lebota bakeng sa NPS e tšoanang.
- Tekanyetso ea Sechaena: E sebelisa sehlopha sa botenya ba lebota (S), sehlopha sa khatello, kapa e ngola mabitso a botenya ba lebota ka ho toba (mohlala, φ57×3.5). Litekanyetso tse ling li boetse li tšehetsa ho ngoloa ha mabitso a letoto la Sch.
3. Likereiti tsa Thepa le Liphapang tsa Tshebetso
| Sehlopha | Lisebelisoa tse Tloaelehileng tsa Amerika | Thepa e Tloaelehileng ea Sechaena e Lekanang | Liphapang tsa Tshebetso |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tšepe ea Khabone | ASTM A106 Gr.B | Tšepe ea GB/T 8163 ea Sehlopha sa 20 | ASTM Gr.B e na le sebabole le phosphorus tse tlase mme e na le matla a ho tiea mochesong o tlase; GB Grade 20 Steel e fana ka ts'ebeliso e phahameng ea litšenyehelo, e loketse maemo a khatello e tlase ho isa bohareng. |
| Ts'epe e sa beng le mabali | ASTM A312 TP304 | GB/T 14976 06Cr19Ni10 | Sebopeho se tšoanang sa lik'hemik'hale; American Standard e na le litlhoko tse thata bakeng sa liteko tsa ho bola ha li-granular, ha Chinese Standard e totobatsa maemo a fapaneng a ho pepa. |
| Tšepe e Tlase e nang le Motsoako o Tlase | ASTM A335 P11 | GB/T 9948 12Cr2Mo | ASTM P11 e fana ka matla a tsitsitseng haholoanyane a mocheso o phahameng; GB 12Cr2Mo e loketse liphaephe tsa boiler tsa feme ea motlakase ea lapeng |
4. Litlhoko tsa Tekheniki le Maemo a Teko
Teko ea Khatello
- Tekanyetso ea Amerika: Teko ea metsi ke tlhoko ea tlamo e nang le mekhoa e thata ea ho bala khatello ea liteko, e lumellanang le litlhaloso tsa ASME B31; liteko tse sa senyeheng (UT/RT) lia hlokahala bakeng sa liphaephe tse ling tse nang le khatello e phahameng.
- Tekanyetso ea Sechaena: Teko ea hydrostatic e ka buisanoa ha ho hlokahala ka khatello ea teko e phutholohileng; karolo ea liteko tse sa senyeheng e khethoa ke sehlopha sa liphaephe (mohlala, liteko tsa 100% bakeng sa liphaephe tsa sehlopha sa GC1).
Maemo a Phano
- Maemo a Amerika: Hangata liphaephe li tlisoa li le boemong bo tloaelehileng + bo halefileng ka litlhoko tse hlakileng tsa kalafo ea bokaholimo (mohlala, ho pickling, passivation).
- Tekanyetso ea Sechaena: E ka tlisoa maemong a phuthoang ka ho chesa, a huloang ka serame, a tloaelehileng, kapa a mang a nang le litlhoko tse tenyetsehang haholoanyane tsa kalafo ea bokaholimo.
5. Liphapang tsa ho Sebeletsana Mekhoeng ea Khokahano
- Liphaephe tsa American Standard li bapisoa le li-fittings (li-flange, li-elbow) tse lumellanang le ASME B16.5, ka li-flange tse sebelisang libaka tsa ho koala tsa RF (Raised Face) le lihlopha tsa khatello tse ngotsoeng e le Sehlopha (mohlala, Sehlopha sa 150, Sehlopha sa 300).
- Liphaephe tse tloaelehileng tsa Sechaena li tsamaisana le lisebelisoa tse lumellanang le GB/T 9112-9124, ka li-flange tse ngotsoeng ke PN (mohlala, PN16, PN25) bakeng sa lihlopha tsa khatello. Mefuta ea bokaholimo ba ho koala e tsamaisana le American Standard empa e fapana hanyane ka litekanyo.
Litlhahiso tsa Khetho ea Bohlokoa
- Beha liphaephe tsa American Standard pele bakeng sa merero ea machaba; netefatsa hore litifikeiti tsa NPS, Sch series, le thepa li fihlela litlhoko tsa ASTM.
- Beha liphaephe tsa Chinese Standard pele bakeng sa merero ea malapeng ka lebaka la litšenyehelo tse tlase le phepelo e lekaneng ea lisebelisoa tse tšehetsang.
- O se ke wa kopanya ka ho toba diphaephe tsa American Standard le Chinese Standard, haholo-holo bakeng sa dikgokelo tsa flange—ho se tshwane ha dibopeho ho ka baka ho hloleha ha ho kwala.
Nka fana ka tafole ea phetoho bakeng sa litlhaloso tse tloaelehileng tsa liphaephe (American Standard NPS vs. Chinese Standard DN) ho nolofatsa khetho le phetoho e potlakileng. Na u ka e hloka?
Nako ea poso: Tshitwe-15-2025